Who came first, Egg or Chicken? The question may be hard to answer. But we can surely answer this simple question: “Is poultry farming profitable in Uganda?”

Uganda is an East African country and the powerhouse of Agriculture in Africa. The soil and environment are rich and contain various potential sectors. One potential sector is Poultry Farming, which contributes to the economy of Uganda through birds and eggs. 

If you are willing to get the second question answered, then this article is for you. So, if you are an agribusiness passionate or simply curious about Uganda’s agriculture, join us on this exploration of the poultry industry.

Growing Sector: Uganda’s poultry industry produces nearly 70,000 tons of meat and 44,000 tons of eggs annually.

Government Support: Policies like training, subsidies, and import restrictions boost local farming.

Farming Types: Includes layer, broiler, and free-range/organic poultry farming.

Inspiring Success: Dr. Masaba scaled from 750 to 20,000 chickens, showcasing the sector’s profitability and potential.

Uganda’s population growth and economy have increased demand for protein-based foods like chicken and eggs. Poultry products are preferred due to their affordability compared to other meat sources. Also, their rich health benefits. There is also huge demand in food service sector, including restaurants and hotels.

 The Ugandan government actively supports agricultural ventures and has specific policies to improve poultry farming. These include training programs for farmers, subsidies on veterinary services, and import restrictions on poultry products, which help protect local producers from foreign competition​.

The success stories of individuals like Dr. Daniel Masaba, who has come from other professions to poultry farming, serve as a powerful vision of poultry farming. These stories highlight the sector’s potential for profitability and growth, inspiring new entrants and drawing attention to the sector​.

In 2020, Uganda produced approximately 69,991 tons of poultry meat, up from 14,846 tons in 1971. Additionally, egg production in the same year amounted to 44,667 tons, up from 8,620 tons in 1971. This represents an average annual growth rate of 3.59% for poultry meat and 4.44% for eggs over several decades, which illustrates a large increase in production capacity.

Figure: Growing Demand Graph of Eggs in Africa

There are some major poultry companies in Uganda. Such as Ugachick Poultry Breeders and Biyinzika Poultry Farm. They are the key players of poultry farming in Uganda. They engage in activities like; value chain, including hatchery, breeding, processing, and marketing. thus creating many jobs. These companies also cater to hotel, restaurant, and store demand. Which contributes to the broader food service and retail sectors

This involves raising chickens for egg production. Farmers keep breeds that efficiently produce a large quantity of eggs over time. Common layer breeds in Uganda include the Isa Brown, Rhode Island Red, and Sussex, which are favourites for their high egg yield and adaptability to local conditions​.

Figure: Brown egg laying chicken hens

Broilers are specifically for meat. The focus here is on fast-growing chicken breeds that reach market weight quickly. Such as the Cornish Cross and the Arbor Acres. These chickens are typically raised for about 6 to 10 weeks before they are sold for meat.

Figure: Broiler Production

Free-range farming allows birds to roam freely outdoors and forage for natural foods. It is very popular in Uganda. This method is believed to produce healthier and more flavorful meat and eggs. It is also an example of organic poultry farming, which avoids the use of synthetic chemicals and GMO feeds. This is also emerging as a niche market.

Figure: Free Range Poultry Production

Dr. Daniel Masaba, a former medical doctor, made a significant career change into poultry farming. He had limitations in earnings and satisfaction within the medical profession in Uganda. After graduating with a bachelor’s degree in surgery medicine from Makerere University in 2016, he shifted to poultry farming in 2020. He was motivated by the potential for better financial and personal fulfilment.

Figure: Dr. Daniel Masaba with his poultry farm

Masaba’s journey into poultry farming started with modest beginnings but has since grown impressively. He first started in his father’s land with only 750 chickens. Now he manages a large-scale operation that employs over 200 people. Which is involved in various aspects of farming, including growing maize to produce feed for his poultry. His farm, known as Farm Up, is notable for its significant output, hatching over 120,000 chicks per week.

He has expanded from his father’s land to over 400 acres of farmland, from 750 chickens to 20,000 chickens and over 700 goats and sheep. A key to his success has been the implementation of advanced farming techniques. Masaba has applied automation to his farming operations, reducing the risk of disease and optimizing efficiency.

In addition to his farming business, Masaba is also active on social media, where he shares insights and tips about poultry farming. His YouTube channel has gained a large following. He tries to educate others and share his journey and expertise in the field via YouTube.

Dr. Masaba’s story is a remarkable example of how change and pursuing passion can lead to significant achievements, not just financially but also in positively impacting the community and setting new standards in an industry.

The poultry industry in Uganda has been experiencing significant growth. For instance, poultry meat production increased to about 69,991 tons and egg production to approximately 44,667 tons in 2020. This shows a steady upward trend over the years, and this growth trajectory will surely continue. The increase in domestic consumption and the export expansion favour this farming.

There’s significant potential for regional trade, particularly within the East African Community (EAC), which can be a target market for Ugandan poultry products. As Uganda’s per capita income continues to grow, there is a corresponding increase in protein consumption, which includes poultry products. This trend is likely to continue as economic conditions improve.

As we approach the end, we can surely get one answer from the first two questions. Uganda’s poultry industry offers investors and entrepreneurs a unique and promising avenue. With its significant contributions to the national economy, supportive governmental policies, and rising demand both locally and regionally, this sector represents Uganda’s agricultural progress.

Uganda continues to expand its agriculture, and the poultry sector undoubtedly represents a golden opportunity. Many visionaries, like Dr. Daniel, are working in this field. Those looking to invest in a growing market can surely invest in poultry firms. This industry boosts economic growth and develops food security and livelihoods across the nation.